Coupon reuse via non-atomic checkout validation
Published Dec 28, 2025 · Updated Dec 28, 2025
Race condition in OpenCart 4.1.0.0 through 4.1.0.3 allows remote attackers to reuse single-use coupons through concurrent checkout requests. Checkout validation reads coupon-use and product-stock state, then creates orders and updates those shared rows without locking them in one atomic transaction. Guest checkout access is sufficient; synchronized confirmations can discount multiple orders and drive inventory below zero.
Summary
What happened
Race condition in OpenCart 4.1.0.0 through 4.1.0.3 allows remote attackers to reuse single-use coupons through concurrent checkout requests. Checkout validation reads coupon-use and product-stock state, then creates orders and updates those shared rows without locking them in one atomic transaction. Guest checkout access is sufficient; synchronized confirmations can discount multiple orders and drive inventory below zero.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-15116
- Published
- Dec 28, 2025
- Updated
- Dec 28, 2025
- Vendor
- OpenCart
- Product
- OpenCart
- Classifications
- CWE-362, T1190
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Dec 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Dec 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=4.1.0.0
- Affected versionversion=4.1.0.1
- Affected versionversion=4.1.0.2
- Affected versionversion=4.1.0.3
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- OpenCart v4.1.0.3 Time-of-check Time-of-use proof of conceptfunctional · demonstrated
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
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