CVE-2025-14586Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via exportOvpn user parameter

Published Dec 13, 2025 · Updated Dec 13, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK X5000R 9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The exportOvpn handler inserts the user query parameter into a shell command passed to system() without neutralizing command separators. A crafted unauthenticated HTTP request reaches the CGI endpoint, enabling command execution on the router.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.76%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK X5000R 9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The exportOvpn handler inserts the user query parameter into a shell command passed to system() without neutralizing command separators. A crafted unauthenticated HTTP request reaches the CGI endpoint, enabling command execution on the router.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-14586
Published
Dec 13, 2025
Updated
Dec 13, 2025
Vendor
TOTOLINK
Product
X5000R
Classifications
CWE-78, CWE-77, T1059.004, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

TOTOLINK · X5000Rversion=9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224

Published CVSS scores

2.1VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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