CVE-2025-14542Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote command execution via cross-protocol Manual trust

Published Dec 13, 2025 · Updated Dec 13, 2025

Trust boundary violation in python-utcp before 1.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute OS commands through a malicious remote Manual. The client accepts each Manual tool's protocol independently of the fetching endpoint, so an HTTP Manual can register a CLI command for later execution. Execution requires utcp-cli and invocation of the changed tool; without utcp-cli, an HTTP template permits controlled server-side requests.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Trust boundary violation in python-utcp before 1.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute OS commands through a malicious remote Manual. The client accepts each Manual tool's protocol independently of the fetching endpoint, so an HTTP Manual can register a CLI command for later execution. Execution requires utcp-cli and invocation of the changed tool; without utcp-cli, an HTTP template permits controlled server-side requests.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-14542
Published
Dec 13, 2025
Updated
Dec 13, 2025
Vendor
Universal Tool Calling Protocol
Product
Universal Tool Calling Protocol (UTCP)
Classifications
CWE-501, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Universal Tool Calling Protocol · Universal Tool Calling Protocol (UTCP)version=0 <1.1.0

Published CVSS scores

7.5JFrogCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-501Trust Boundary Violation
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo