CVE-2025-12978Network attack vector

Log redirection via partial tag key matching

Published Nov 24, 2025 · Updated Jan 7, 2026

Partial string comparison in Fluent Bit before 4.0.12 allows remote attackers to redirect records through crafted input. The in_http, in_splunk, and in_elasticsearch plugins accept a tag_key prefix as a full key instead of requiring equal key lengths. Access to an exposed or authenticated input endpoint is required; exploitation injects forged log data, floods alerts, or routes records to unintended destinations.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Partial string comparison in Fluent Bit before 4.0.12 allows remote attackers to redirect records through crafted input. The in_http, in_splunk, and in_elasticsearch plugins accept a tag_key prefix as a full key instead of requiring equal key lengths. Access to an exposed or authenticated input endpoint is required; exploitation injects forged log data, floods alerts, or routes records to unintended destinations.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12978
Published
Nov 24, 2025
Updated
Jan 7, 2026
Vendor
Fluent Bit
Product
Fluent Bit
Classifications
CWE-187, T1565.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 7, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.0.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Fluent Bit · Fluent Bitversion=0 <4.0.12

Published CVSS scores

5.4CISA ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-187Partial String Comparison
T1565.001Stored Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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