CVE-2025-12943

Command execution via unvalidated firmware update certificates

Published Nov 11, 2025 · Updated Nov 11, 2025

Improper certificate validation in NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300 firmware allows attackers to execute commands through modified update traffic. The firmware update client fails to authenticate the update server certificate before accepting attacker-modified traffic; NETGEAR has not disclosed the affected process or validation check. Exploitation requires a position capable of intercepting and modifying update traffic, and successful exploitation grants command execution on the router.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.16%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper certificate validation in NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300 firmware allows attackers to execute commands through modified update traffic. The firmware update client fails to authenticate the update server certificate before accepting attacker-modified traffic; NETGEAR has not disclosed the affected process or validation check. Exploitation requires a position capable of intercepting and modifying update traffic, and successful exploitation grants command execution on the router.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12943
Published
Nov 11, 2025
Updated
Nov 11, 2025
Vendor
NETGEAR
Product
RAX30
Classifications
CWE-295, T1557
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.0.10.95

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

NETGEAR · RAX30version=0 <1.0.10.95
NETGEAR · Nighthawk AXE7800 Tri-Band WiFi 6E Router (RAXE300)version=0 <1.0.9.82

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.2NETGEARCVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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