CVE-2025-12916Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unchecked loginUrl

Published Nov 8, 2025 · Updated Nov 8, 2025

Command injection in Sangfor OSM before 3.0.12 20241106 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted loginUrl input. The /fort/portal_login frontend endpoint accepts shell metacharacters in the JSON loginUrl value and evaluates them during command execution, returning command output as redirectUrl. No authentication or user interaction is required, and successful exploitation grants control of the server rather than only interrupting service.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability5.06%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Sangfor OSM before 3.0.12 20241106 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted loginUrl input. The /fort/portal_login frontend endpoint accepts shell metacharacters in the JSON loginUrl value and evaluates them during command execution, returning command output as redirectUrl. No authentication or user interaction is required, and successful exploitation grants control of the server rather than only interrupting service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12916
Published
Nov 8, 2025
Updated
Nov 8, 2025
Vendor
Sangfor Technologies
Product
Operation and Maintenance Security Management System (OSM)
Classifications
CWE-77, CWE-74, T1059, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Sangfor Technologies · Operation and Maintenance Security Management System (OSM)version=3.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8Sangfor TechnologiesCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
2.1VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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