CVE-2025-12852

User-level code execution via unsafe DLL search

Published Nov 19, 2025 · Updated Nov 19, 2025

Uncontrolled DLL loading in NEC RakurakuMusen Start EX for Windows all versions allows local users to execute code through its installer. The installer searches an inappropriate DLL path and loads a specially named library placed beside its executable without restricting the search to trusted locations. An attacker must first place the file in the software directory and persuade a user to run the installer; the code then runs with that user's privileges.

CVSS severity8.4
High
EPSS probability0.14%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Uncontrolled DLL loading in NEC RakurakuMusen Start EX for Windows all versions allows local users to execute code through its installer. The installer searches an inappropriate DLL path and loads a specially named library placed beside its executable without restricting the search to trusted locations. An attacker must first place the file in the software directory and persuade a user to run the installer; the code then runs with that user's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12852
Published
Nov 19, 2025
Updated
Nov 19, 2025
Vendor
NEC Corporation
Product
RakurakuMusen Start EX
Classifications
CWE-427, T1574.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 19, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=All versions

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

NEC Corporation · RakurakuMusen Start EXversion=All versions

Published CVSS scores

7.8JPCERT/CC and IPACVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.4NEC CorporationCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-427Uncontrolled Search Path Element
T1574.002DLL Side-Loading

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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