CVE-2025-12635Network attack vector

User redirection via improperly validated URL

Published Dec 8, 2025 · Updated Dec 9, 2025

Cross-site scripting in IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 and Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 25.0.0.12 allows attackers to redirect users. IBM attributes the issue to improper validation of input in a specially crafted URL but has not disclosed the affected request handler or unsafe rendering operation. A remote authenticated user must induce another user to open the URL, which can redirect that user to a malicious site.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cross-site scripting in IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 and Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 25.0.0.12 allows attackers to redirect users. IBM attributes the issue to improper validation of input in a specially crafted URL but has not disclosed the affected request handler or unsafe rendering operation. A remote authenticated user must induce another user to open the URL, which can redirect that user to a malicious site.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12635
Published
Dec 8, 2025
Updated
Dec 9, 2025
Vendor
IBM
Product
IBM WebSphere Application Server
Classifications
CWE-79, T1204.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=8.5
  2. Affected versionversion=9.0 <=2.0.18

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

IBM · IBM WebSphere Application Serverversion=8.5; version=9.0 <=2.0.18
IBM · IBM WebSphere Application Server Libertyversion=17.0.0.3 <=25.0.0.12

Published CVSS scores

5.4IBM CorporationCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
T1204.001User Execution: Malicious Link

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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