CVE-2025-12628Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Second-factor bypass via six-digit backup-code brute force

Published Nov 24, 2025 · Updated Nov 24, 2025

Insufficient entropy in Melapress WP 2FA before 3.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass the second factor via backup-code guessing. The backup-code verifier accepts six-digit numeric values, leaving only one million candidates for repeated submissions to the 2FA validation action. A valid username and password are required first; successful guessing grants the account's existing WordPress access.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Insufficient entropy in Melapress WP 2FA before 3.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass the second factor via backup-code guessing. The backup-code verifier accepts six-digit numeric values, leaving only one million candidates for repeated submissions to the 2FA validation action. A valid username and password are required first; successful guessing grants the account's existing WordPress access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12628
Published
Nov 24, 2025
Updated
Nov 24, 2025
Vendor
Melapress
Product
WP 2FA
Classifications
CWE-331, T1110
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <3.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Melapress · WP 2FAversion=0 <3.0.0

Published CVSS scores

6.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.3WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-331Insufficient Entropy
T1110Brute Force

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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