CVE-2025-12595Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated web-server crash via unbounded list parsing

Published Nov 2, 2025 · Updated Nov 2, 2025

Stack buffer overflow in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.52 allows remote attackers to crash its web server through a crafted HTTP POST request. The formSetVirtualSer function passes attacker-controlled list data to save_virtualser_data, where sscanf writes through an unbounded %s conversion into fixed-size stack buffers. No authentication is required; the demonstrated outcome is a web-server crash, while code execution is claimed but not demonstrated by the published artifact.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability1.01%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack buffer overflow in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.52 allows remote attackers to crash its web server through a crafted HTTP POST request. The formSetVirtualSer function passes attacker-controlled list data to save_virtualser_data, where sscanf writes through an unbounded %s conversion into fixed-size stack buffers. No authentication is required; the demonstrated outcome is a web-server crash, while code execution is claimed but not demonstrated by the published artifact.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12595
Published
Nov 2, 2025
Updated
Nov 2, 2025
Vendor
Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
AC23
Classifications
CWE-120, CWE-119, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 2, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=16.03.07.52

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd. · AC23version=16.03.07.52

Published CVSS scores

9.0VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.4VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-120Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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