CVE-2025-12331Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Administrator RCE via unrestricted image upload

Published Oct 27, 2025 · Updated Oct 27, 2025

Unrestricted file upload in Willow CMS 1.0 through 1.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code via the admin image uploader. The /admin/images/add handler accepts a PHP webshell as an image upload without blocking its dangerous file type, then makes it reachable for execution. Administrator privileges are required; successful exploitation runs arbitrary commands on the CMS host and can compromise stored data or interrupt service.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unrestricted file upload in Willow CMS 1.0 through 1.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code via the admin image uploader. The /admin/images/add handler accepts a PHP webshell as an image upload without blocking its dangerous file type, then makes it reachable for execution. Administrator privileges are required; successful exploitation runs arbitrary commands on the CMS host and can compromise stored data or interrupt service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12331
Published
Oct 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 27, 2025
Vendor
Matthew Deaves
Product
Willow CMS
Classifications
CWE-434, CWE-284, T1505.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 27, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.1
  3. Affected versionversion=1.2
  4. Affected versionversion=1.3
  5. Affected versionversion=1.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Matthew Deaves · Willow CMSversion=1.0; version=1.1; version=1.2; version=1.3; version=1.4.0

Published CVSS scores

2.0VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.8VulDB CNAAV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:P/I:P/A:P
4.7VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
7.2NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-284Improper Access Control
T1505.003Web Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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