CVE-2025-12310Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Email-verification bypass via unrestricted OTP guessing

Published Oct 27, 2025 · Updated Oct 27, 2025

Improper authentication-attempt restriction in VirtFusion 6.0.0 through 6.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to bypass email verification. The POST /account/_email-verify-code endpoint accepts repeated guesses of a short numeric token without effective per-IP or per-account limits, lockout, CAPTCHA, or session invalidation. An attacker must first initiate an email change through /account/_settings; successful guessing verifies an address the attacker does not control, while account takeover depends on separate recovery behavior.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.42%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Improper authentication-attempt restriction in VirtFusion 6.0.0 through 6.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to bypass email verification. The POST /account/_email-verify-code endpoint accepts repeated guesses of a short numeric token without effective per-IP or per-account limits, lockout, CAPTCHA, or session invalidation. An attacker must first initiate an email change through /account/_settings; successful guessing verifies an address the attacker does not control, while account takeover depends on separate recovery behavior.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12310
Published
Oct 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 27, 2025
Vendor
VirtFusion
Product
VirtFusion
Classifications
CWE-307, CWE-799, T1110.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 27, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.0.0
  2. Affected versionversion=6.0.1
  3. Affected versionversion=6.0.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

VirtFusion · VirtFusionversion=6.0.0; version=6.0.1; version=6.0.2

Published CVSS scores

5.5VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.0VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N
5.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
CWE-799Improper Control of Interaction Frequency
T1110.001Password Guessing

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo