CVE-2025-12195Network attack vector

Code execution via malformed IPSec CLI commands

Published Dec 4, 2025 · Updated Aug 10, 2026

Out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS CLI allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via crafted IPSec commands. The vendor identifies IPSec configuration command handling as the write locus but has not disclosed the affected function or missing bounds check. Exploitation requires privileged CLI authentication; the CLI is reachable through SSH on port 4118 or a serial console, and successful execution compromises the firewall operating system.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.69%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS CLI allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via crafted IPSec commands. The vendor identifies IPSec configuration command handling as the write locus but has not disclosed the affected function or missing bounds check. Exploitation requires privileged CLI authentication; the CLI is reachable through SSH on port 4118 or a serial console, and successful execution compromises the firewall operating system.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12195
Published
Dec 4, 2025
Updated
Aug 10, 2026
Vendor
WatchGuard Technologies, Inc.
Product
Fireware OS
Classifications
CWE-787, CAPEC-100, T1210
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 10, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=11.0 <=11.12.4+541730
  2. Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.11.5
  3. Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.5.14
  4. Affected versionversion=2025.1 <2025.1.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

WatchGuard Technologies, Inc. · Fireware OSversion=11.0 <=11.12.4+541730; version=12.0 <12.11.5; version=12.0 <12.5.14; version=2025.1 <2025.1.3

Published CVSS scores

7.2National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6WatchGuard Technologies, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
CAPEC-100Overflow Buffers
T1210Exploitation of Remote Services

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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