Cross-site scripting via CRLF response injection
Published Nov 11, 2025 · Updated Nov 11, 2025
Cross-site scripting in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows remote attackers to inject browser-executed content into HTTP responses. The /cgi/logout SAML flow decodes attacker-controlled RelayState data and accepts embedded CRLF sequences that replace the response content type and body with script-bearing HTML. Reachability requires a Gateway or AAA virtual server, a valid SAMLResponse, and active user interaction through a CSRF delivery path; the script executes in the appliance origin.
Summary
What happened
Cross-site scripting in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows remote attackers to inject browser-executed content into HTTP responses. The /cgi/logout SAML flow decodes attacker-controlled RelayState data and accepts embedded CRLF sequences that replace the response content type and body with script-bearing HTML. Reachability requires a Gateway or AAA virtual server, a valid SAMLResponse, and active user interaction through a CSRF delivery path; the script executes in the appliance origin.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-12101
- Published
- Nov 11, 2025
- Updated
- Nov 11, 2025
- Vendor
- Cloud Software Group
- Product
- NetScaler Gateway
- Classifications
- CWE-79, T1189
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Nov 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=12.1-FIPS and NDcPP <55.333
- Affected versionversion=13.1 <60.32
- Affected versionversion=13.1-FIPS and NDcPP <37.250
- Affected versionversion=14.1 <56.73
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- watchTowr SAML RelayState reflected-XSS reproductionproof of concept · demonstrated
- CVE-2025-12101 Scanner PoCproof of concept · unverified
- CVE-2025-12101-checkerproof of concept · unverified
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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