Account takeover via nonce-free OAuth approval
Published Oct 24, 2025 · Updated Oct 24, 2025
CSRF in the IndieWeb IndieAuth WordPress plugin 4.5.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack accounts through forged OAuth requests. The login_form_indieauth() handler and authorization endpoint accept approval requests without verifying a WordPress nonce, letting an attacker-controlled client receive an authorization code. A victim must be logged in and open a crafted link or page; the attacker can exchange the code for an access token limited to the approved scopes.
Summary
What happened
CSRF in the IndieWeb IndieAuth WordPress plugin 4.5.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack accounts through forged OAuth requests. The login_form_indieauth() handler and authorization endpoint accept approval requests without verifying a WordPress nonce, letting an attacker-controlled client receive an authorization code. A victim must be logged in and open a crafted link or page; the attacker can exchange the code for an access token limited to the approved scopes.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-12028
- Published
- Oct 24, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 24, 2025
- Vendor
- IndieWeb
- Product
- IndieAuth
- Classifications
- CWE-352, T1528
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Oct 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Oct 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=* <=4.5.4
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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