Privileged code execution via crafted certificate request
Published Dec 4, 2025 · Updated Aug 10, 2026
Out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code through crafted CLI commands. In certd, the certificate request command performs an out-of-bounds write while processing crafted CLI input; the precise buffer operation is undisclosed. Device Administrator privileges and CLI access are required, and successful exploitation runs code on the firewall.
Summary
What happened
Out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code through crafted CLI commands. In certd, the certificate request command performs an out-of-bounds write while processing crafted CLI input; the precise buffer operation is undisclosed. Device Administrator privileges and CLI access are required, and successful exploitation runs code on the firewall.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-12026
- Published
- Dec 4, 2025
- Updated
- Aug 10, 2026
- Vendor
- WatchGuard Technologies, Inc.
- Product
- Fireware OS
- Classifications
- CWE-787, CAPEC-100
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- admin
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Dec 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Aug 10, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=12.0 <=12.11.5
- Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.5.14
- Affected versionversion=2025.1 <2025.1.3
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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