CVE-2025-12017Network attack vectorHinoki check available

Reflected XSS via unescaped message parameter

Published Oct 24, 2025 · Updated Oct 24, 2025

Reflected XSS in VNPAY Payment gateway 1.0.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject scripts through the message parameter. The payment-completion shortcode handler copies the message parameter into generated HTML without input sanitization or contextual output escaping. Exploitation requires an unauthenticated attacker to induce a victim to open a crafted link; injected script then runs in the affected origin and can read or alter page-accessible data.

CVSS severity6.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkAvailable
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Reflected XSS in VNPAY Payment gateway 1.0.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject scripts through the message parameter. The payment-completion shortcode handler copies the message parameter into generated HTML without input sanitization or contextual output escaping. Exploitation requires an unauthenticated attacker to induce a victim to open a crafted link; injected script then runs in the affected origin and can read or alter page-accessible data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-12017
Published
Oct 24, 2025
Updated
Oct 24, 2025
Vendor
VNPAY
Product
VNPAY Payment gateway
Classifications
CWE-79, T1189
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=* <=1.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

VNPAY · VNPAY Payment gatewayversion=* <=1.0.0

Published CVSS scores

6.1WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
T1189Drive-by Compromise

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo