CVE-2025-1182Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Linker crash via unchecked relocation symbol index

Published Feb 11, 2025 · Updated Feb 11, 2025

Memory corruption in GNU Binutils ld 2.43 allows remote attackers to crash the linker by supplying a malformed ELF file. The bfd_elf_reloc_symbol_deleted_p function indexes rcookie->locsyms with a relocation symbol index without first checking that it is below locsymcount, causing an illegal memory read. Exploitation requires a user or automated build process to invoke ld on the crafted ELF input, and the demonstrated consequence is a linker crash.

CVSS severity5.0
Medium
EPSS probability0.59%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Memory corruption in GNU Binutils ld 2.43 allows remote attackers to crash the linker by supplying a malformed ELF file. The bfd_elf_reloc_symbol_deleted_p function indexes rcookie->locsyms with a relocation symbol index without first checking that it is below locsymcount, causing an illegal memory read. Exploitation requires a user or automated build process to invoke ld on the crafted ELF input, and the demonstrated consequence is a linker crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1182
Published
Feb 11, 2025
Updated
Feb 11, 2025
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU Binutils
Classifications
CWE-119, T1204.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.43

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU Binutilsversion=2.43

Published CVSS scores

2.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.0VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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