CVE-2025-1178Public exploit

Linker crash via corrupt dynamic relocations

Published Feb 11, 2025 · Updated Apr 11, 2025

Memory corruption in GNU Binutils ld 2.43 allows attackers to crash the linker by supplying a corrupt input file. The x86-64 ELF dynamic-relocation path reaches bfd_putl64 while processing malformed relocation state and aborts instead of rejecting the file. The attacker must cause a local ld process to consume the crafted object; the supported consequence is a linker crash, not network code execution.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.80%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Memory corruption in GNU Binutils ld 2.43 allows attackers to crash the linker by supplying a corrupt input file. The x86-64 ELF dynamic-relocation path reaches bfd_putl64 while processing malformed relocation state and aborts instead of rejecting the file. The attacker must cause a local ld process to consume the crafted object; the supported consequence is a linker crash, not network code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1178
Published
Feb 11, 2025
Updated
Apr 11, 2025
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU Binutils
Classifications
CWE-119, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.43

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU Binutilsversion=2.43

Published CVSS scores

5.1VulDBAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
5.6VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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