CVE-2025-11564Network attack vector

Unauthenticated payment bypass via forged recurring webhooks

Published Oct 25, 2025 · Updated Oct 25, 2025

Missing authorization in Themeum Tutor LMS 3.8.3 and earlier allows remote attackers to mark orders paid through forged PayPal webhooks. verifyAndCreateOrderData trusts an attacker-controlled recurring payment type without completing the required webhook authorization check before updating the order. The endpoint is reachable without login when PayPal recurring payments are used, enabling fraudulent course purchases without broader data access.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.27%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authorization in Themeum Tutor LMS 3.8.3 and earlier allows remote attackers to mark orders paid through forged PayPal webhooks. verifyAndCreateOrderData trusts an attacker-controlled recurring payment type without completing the required webhook authorization check before updating the order. The endpoint is reachable without login when PayPal recurring payments are used, enabling fraudulent course purchases without broader data access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-11564
Published
Oct 25, 2025
Updated
Oct 25, 2025
Vendor
Themeum
Product
Tutor LMS
Classifications
CWE-862, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 25, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 25, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=* <=3.8.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Themeum · Tutor LMSversion=* <=3.8.3

Published CVSS scores

5.3WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-862Missing Authorization
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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