CVE-2025-11495Public exploit

Linker crash via invalid TLS relocation

Published Oct 8, 2025 · Updated Oct 8, 2025

Heap-based buffer overflow in GNU Binutils 2.45 ld allows local users to crash the linker by processing a crafted x86-64 ELF object. elf_x86_64_relocate_section applies TLS relocations to non-SHT_PROGBITS or non-executable sections, then reads before an allocated heap buffer. The issue requires local submission of the object to ld, and the demonstrated consequence is a linker crash.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in GNU Binutils 2.45 ld allows local users to crash the linker by processing a crafted x86-64 ELF object. elf_x86_64_relocate_section applies TLS relocations to non-SHT_PROGBITS or non-executable sections, then reads before an allocated heap buffer. The issue requires local submission of the object to ld, and the demonstrated consequence is a linker crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-11495
Published
Oct 8, 2025
Updated
Oct 8, 2025
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU Binutils
Classifications
CWE-122, CWE-119, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.45

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU Binutilsversion=2.45

Published CVSS scores

1.7VulDBAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P
1.9VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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