CVE-2025-11441Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication throttling bypass via spoofed client IP

Published Oct 8, 2025 · Updated Oct 8, 2025

Authentication throttling bypass in OpnForm 1.9.0 through 1.9.3 allows remote attackers to evade limits via X-Forwarded-For. The HTTP header handler trusts the attacker-controlled header value as the client identity used to count authentication attempts, allowing that identity to change between requests. Exploitation requires repeated crafted requests; the bypass enables password guessing but does not itself grant access without valid credentials.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.60%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication throttling bypass in OpnForm 1.9.0 through 1.9.3 allows remote attackers to evade limits via X-Forwarded-For. The HTTP header handler trusts the attacker-controlled header value as the client identity used to count authentication attempts, allowing that identity to change between requests. Exploitation requires repeated crafted requests; the bypass enables password guessing but does not itself grant access without valid credentials.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-11441
Published
Oct 8, 2025
Updated
Oct 8, 2025
Vendor
JhumanJ
Product
OpnForm
Classifications
CWE-307, CWE-799, T1110, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.9.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.9.1
  3. Affected versionversion=1.9.2
  4. Affected versionversion=1.9.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

JhumanJ · OpnFormversion=1.9.0; version=1.9.1; version=1.9.2; version=1.9.3

Published CVSS scores

2.6VulDBAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
2.9VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.7VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
CWE-799Improper Control of Interaction Frequency
T1110Brute Force
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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