CVE-2025-11412Public exploitHinoki check available

Linker crash via unchecked VTENTRY relocation addend

Published Oct 7, 2025 · Updated Oct 7, 2025

Out-of-bounds read in GNU Binutils 2.45 allows local users to crash ld with a crafted ELF object containing a VTENTRY relocation. bfd_elf_gc_record_vtentry uses the unchecked relocation addend to size a vtable bitmap; extreme values overflow the size calculation and drive an out-of-bounds access or oversized allocation. The attacker must supply the malformed object to a local link operation, and the demonstrated consequence is linker termination rather than code execution or data disclosure.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkAvailable
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds read in GNU Binutils 2.45 allows local users to crash ld with a crafted ELF object containing a VTENTRY relocation. bfd_elf_gc_record_vtentry uses the unchecked relocation addend to size a vtable bitmap; extreme values overflow the size calculation and drive an out-of-bounds access or oversized allocation. The attacker must supply the malformed object to a local link operation, and the demonstrated consequence is linker termination rather than code execution or data disclosure.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-11412
Published
Oct 7, 2025
Updated
Oct 7, 2025
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU Binutils
Classifications
CWE-125, CWE-119, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 7, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.45

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU Binutilsversion=2.45

Published CVSS scores

3.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
1.7VulDB CNAAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P
1.9VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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