CVE-2025-11281Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthorized course access via direct URL requests

Published Oct 5, 2025 · Updated Oct 7, 2025

Improper access control in Frappe Learning 2.35.0 allows remote attackers to access unpublished courses through direct URLs. The /courses/ handler hides unpublished courses from listings but serves their pages without enforcing the Published flag. Unauthenticated requests expose course metadata; LMS Student access exposes full content and permits assignment submission.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper access control in Frappe Learning 2.35.0 allows remote attackers to access unpublished courses through direct URLs. The /courses/ handler hides unpublished courses from listings but serves their pages without enforcing the Published flag. Unauthenticated requests expose course metadata; LMS Student access exposes full content and permits assignment submission.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-11281
Published
Oct 5, 2025
Updated
Oct 7, 2025
Vendor
Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Product
Frappe Learning
Classifications
CWE-266, CWE-284, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.35.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. · Frappe Learningversion=2.35.0

Published CVSS scores

No CVSS assessment is available in this record.

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-266Incorrect Privilege Assignment
CWE-284Improper Access Control
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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