CVE-2025-1125

Code execution via undersized HFS+ allocation

Published Mar 3, 2025 · Updated Jun 29, 2026

Heap out-of-bounds write in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users to execute code via a crafted HFS+ filesystem. The hfsplus_open_compressed_real function multiplies attacker-controlled metadata dimensions without checking integer overflow, so grub_malloc reserves less space than later writes require. Exploitation requires GRUB to read the crafted filesystem during boot; successful memory corruption can bypass Secure Boot protections.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Heap out-of-bounds write in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users to execute code via a crafted HFS+ filesystem. The hfsplus_open_compressed_real function multiplies attacker-controlled metadata dimensions without checking integer overflow, so grub_malloc reserves less space than later writes require. Exploitation requires GRUB to read the crafted filesystem during boot; successful memory corruption can bypass Secure Boot protections.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1125
Published
Mar 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 29, 2026
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU GRUB
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 29, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU GRUBversion=0 <=2.12

Published CVSS scores

6.4GNU GRUB upstream disclosureCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo