CVE-2025-1098Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Code execution via unquoted mirror annotation values

Published Mar 24, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Configuration injection in Kubernetes ingress-nginx 1.11.4 and earlier and 1.12.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. buildMirrorLocations interpolates annotation-derived mirror source, host, and target values into NGINX directives without quoting them as literals. Exploitation requires permission to create or modify a watched Ingress object and grants controller-context execution plus access to readable Secrets, which are cluster-wide by default.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability83.50%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Configuration injection in Kubernetes ingress-nginx 1.11.4 and earlier and 1.12.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. buildMirrorLocations interpolates annotation-derived mirror source, host, and target values into NGINX directives without quoting them as literals. Exploitation requires permission to create or modify a watched Ingress object and grants controller-context execution plus access to readable Secrets, which are cluster-wide by default.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1098
Published
Mar 24, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Kubernetes
Product
ingress-nginx
Classifications
CWE-20, CAPEC-137
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.11.4
  2. Affected versionversion=1.12.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Kubernetes · ingress-nginxversion=0 <=1.11.4; version=1.12.0

Published CVSS scores

8.8KubernetesCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
CAPEC-137Parameter Injection

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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