CVE-2025-10966Network attack vector

SFTP server impersonation via omitted host verification

Published Nov 7, 2025 · Updated Nov 7, 2025

Key exchange without entity authentication in curl 7.69.0 through 8.16.0 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate SFTP servers. The wolfSSH SSH backend initiates SFTP sessions without consulting known-host data or verifying the server host key. Exploitation requires a curl build configured with wolfSSH and an SFTP transfer across an attacker-controlled network path, exposing the session to server impersonation and data interception.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.40%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Key exchange without entity authentication in curl 7.69.0 through 8.16.0 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate SFTP servers. The wolfSSH SSH backend initiates SFTP sessions without consulting known-host data or verifying the server host key. Exploitation requires a curl build configured with wolfSSH and an SFTP transfer across an attacker-controlled network path, exposing the session to server impersonation and data interception.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-10966
Published
Nov 7, 2025
Updated
Nov 7, 2025
Vendor
curl
Product
curl
Classifications
CWE-322, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 7, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=7.69.0 <=7.69.0
  2. Affected versionversion=7.69.1 <=7.69.1
  3. Affected versionversion=7.70.0 <=7.70.0
  4. Affected versionversion=7.71.0 <=7.71.0
  5. Affected versionversion=7.71.1 <=7.71.1
  6. Affected versionversion=7.72.0 <=7.72.0
  7. Affected versionversion=7.73.0 <=7.73.0
  8. Affected versionversion=7.74.0 <=7.74.0
  9. Affected versionversion=7.75.0 <=7.75.0
  10. Affected versionversion=7.76.0 <=7.76.0
  11. Affected versionversion=7.76.1 <=7.76.1
  12. Affected versionversion=7.77.0 <=7.77.0
  13. Affected versionversion=7.78.0 <=7.78.0
  14. Affected versionversion=7.79.0 <=7.79.0
  15. Affected versionversion=7.79.1 <=7.79.1
  16. Affected versionversion=7.80.0 <=7.80.0
  17. Affected versionversion=7.81.0 <=7.81.0
  18. Affected versionversion=7.82.0 <=7.82.0
  19. Affected versionversion=7.83.0 <=7.83.0
  20. Affected versionversion=7.83.1 <=7.83.1
  21. Affected versionversion=7.84.0 <=7.84.0
  22. Affected versionversion=7.85.0 <=7.85.0
  23. Affected versionversion=7.86.0 <=7.86.0
  24. Affected versionversion=7.87.0 <=7.87.0
  25. Affected versionversion=7.88.0 <=7.88.0
  26. Affected versionversion=7.88.1 <=7.88.1
  27. Affected versionversion=8.0.0 <=8.0.0
  28. Affected versionversion=8.0.1 <=8.0.1
  29. Affected versionversion=8.10.0 <=8.10.0
  30. Affected versionversion=8.10.1 <=8.10.1
  31. Affected versionversion=8.1.0 <=8.1.0
  32. Affected versionversion=8.11.0 <=8.11.0
  33. Affected versionversion=8.11.1 <=8.11.1
  34. Affected versionversion=8.1.1 <=8.1.1
  35. Affected versionversion=8.12.0 <=8.12.0
  36. Affected versionversion=8.12.1 <=8.12.1
  37. Affected versionversion=8.1.2 <=8.1.2
  38. Affected versionversion=8.13.0 <=8.13.0
  39. Affected versionversion=8.14.0 <=8.14.0
  40. Affected versionversion=8.14.1 <=8.14.1
  41. Affected versionversion=8.15.0 <=8.15.0
  42. Affected versionversion=8.16.0 <=8.16.0
  43. Affected versionversion=8.2.0 <=8.2.0
  44. Affected versionversion=8.2.1 <=8.2.1
  45. Affected versionversion=8.3.0 <=8.3.0
  46. Affected versionversion=8.4.0 <=8.4.0
  47. Affected versionversion=8.5.0 <=8.5.0
  48. Affected versionversion=8.6.0 <=8.6.0
  49. Affected versionversion=8.7.0 <=8.7.0
  50. Affected versionversion=8.7.1 <=8.7.1
  51. Affected versionversion=8.8.0 <=8.8.0
  52. Affected versionversion=8.9.0 <=8.9.0
  53. Affected versionversion=8.9.1 <=8.9.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

curl · curlversion=7.69.0 <=7.69.0; version=7.69.1 <=7.69.1; version=7.70.0 <=7.70.0; version=7.71.0 <=7.71.0; version=7.71.1 <=7.71.1; version=7.72.0 <=7.72.0; version=7.73.0 <=7.73.0; version=7.74.0 <=7.74.0; version=7.75.0 <=7.75.0; version=7.76.0 <=7.76.0; version=7.76.1 <=7.76.1; version=7.77.0 <=7.77.0; version=7.78.0 <=7.78.0; version=7.79.0 <=7.79.0; version=7.79.1 <=7.79.1; version=7.80.0 <=7.80.0; version=7.81.0 <=7.81.0; version=7.82.0 <=7.82.0; version=7.83.0 <=7.83.0; version=7.83.1 <=7.83.1; version=7.84.0 <=7.84.0; version=7.85.0 <=7.85.0; version=7.86.0 <=7.86.0; version=7.87.0 <=7.87.0; version=7.88.0 <=7.88.0; version=7.88.1 <=7.88.1; version=8.0.0 <=8.0.0; version=8.0.1 <=8.0.1; version=8.10.0 <=8.10.0; version=8.10.1 <=8.10.1; version=8.1.0 <=8.1.0; version=8.11.0 <=8.11.0; version=8.11.1 <=8.11.1; version=8.1.1 <=8.1.1; version=8.12.0 <=8.12.0; version=8.12.1 <=8.12.1; version=8.1.2 <=8.1.2; version=8.13.0 <=8.13.0; version=8.14.0 <=8.14.0; version=8.14.1 <=8.14.1; version=8.15.0 <=8.15.0; version=8.16.0 <=8.16.0; version=8.2.0 <=8.2.0; version=8.2.1 <=8.2.1; version=8.3.0 <=8.3.0; version=8.4.0 <=8.4.0; version=8.5.0 <=8.5.0; version=8.6.0 <=8.6.0; version=8.7.0 <=8.7.0; version=8.7.1 <=8.7.1; version=8.8.0 <=8.8.0; version=8.9.0 <=8.9.0; version=8.9.1 <=8.9.1

Published CVSS scores

4.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-322Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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