CVE-2025-10323Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated root command execution via weak denylist

Published Sep 12, 2025 · Updated Sep 12, 2025

Command injection in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 firmware 221110 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary root commands without authentication. The sub_409184 handler takes sel_EncrypTyp from POST requests to /cgi-bin/adm.cgi and concatenates it into a system command after a denylist blocks only pipes and backticks, leaving semicolons and other shell separators usable. The exposed wizard_rep.shtml workflow reaches the handler without a session cookie, enabling device data access, configuration changes, persistent modification, or service interruption.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability8.08%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 firmware 221110 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary root commands without authentication. The sub_409184 handler takes sel_EncrypTyp from POST requests to /cgi-bin/adm.cgi and concatenates it into a system command after a denylist blocks only pipes and backticks, leaving semicolons and other shell separators usable. The exposed wizard_rep.shtml workflow reaches the handler without a session cookie, enabling device data access, configuration changes, persistent modification, or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-10323
Published
Sep 12, 2025
Updated
Sep 12, 2025
Vendor
Wavlink
Product
WL-WN578W2 Firmware
Classifications
CWE-77, CWE-74, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=221110

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Wavlink · WL-WN578W2 Firmwareversion=221110

Published CVSS scores

6.9VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.5VulDB CNAAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:W/RC:UR
7.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:W/RC:R
7.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:W/RC:R

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Command Injection
CWE-74Injection
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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