CVE-2025-1025Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthorized file writes via incomplete extension denylist

Published Feb 5, 2025 · Updated Aug 3, 2026

Arbitrary file upload in Cockpit CMS before 2.4.1 allows remote attackers to write executable files via alternate PHP extensions. The Assets upload handler checked only a case-sensitive .php suffix before moving the temporary file into storage, leaving .phar, .phtml, and mixed-case PHP extensions allowed. No credentials or user interaction are required, and successful upload permits unauthorized file writes on the server.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability18.70%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Arbitrary file upload in Cockpit CMS before 2.4.1 allows remote attackers to write executable files via alternate PHP extensions. The Assets upload handler checked only a case-sensitive .php suffix before moving the temporary file into storage, leaving .phar, .phtml, and mixed-case PHP extensions allowed. No credentials or user interaction are required, and successful upload permits unauthorized file writes on the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1025
Published
Feb 5, 2025
Updated
Aug 3, 2026
Vendor
Cockpit HQ
Product
Cockpit CMS
Classifications
CWE-434, CAPEC-1, T1105
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Cockpit HQ · Cockpit CMSversion=0 <2.4.1

Published CVSS scores

7.7SnykCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.5GitLab Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CAPEC-1Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
T1105Ingress Tool Transfer

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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