CVE-2025-10230Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unvalidated WINS names

Published Nov 7, 2025 · Updated Nov 7, 2025

Command injection in Samba allows remote attackers to execute commands through crafted WINS registration packets sent to an AD domain controller. The WINS hook handler inserts an unvalidated NetBIOS name into a command string executed by a shell with the Samba process's privileges. Exposure requires the nondefault combination of an AD domain-controller role, enabled WINS support, and a nonempty wins hook; other server roles are unaffected.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability39.65%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Samba allows remote attackers to execute commands through crafted WINS registration packets sent to an AD domain controller. The WINS hook handler inserts an unvalidated NetBIOS name into a command string executed by a shell with the Samba process's privileges. Exposure requires the nondefault combination of an AD domain-controller role, enabled WINS support, and a nonempty wins hook; other server roles are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-10230
Published
Nov 7, 2025
Updated
Nov 7, 2025
Vendor
PPP Project
Product
Samba
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 7, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.21.9
  2. Affected versionversion=4.22.0 <4.21.5
  3. Affected versionversion=4.23.0 <4.23.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

PPP Project · Sambaversion=0 <4.21.9; version=4.22.0 <4.21.5; version=4.23.0 <4.23.2

Published CVSS scores

10.0Samba TeamCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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