CVE-2025-0684

Code execution via ReiserFS symlink integer overflow

Published Mar 3, 2025 · Updated Jun 29, 2026

Heap buffer overflow in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a crafted ReiserFS symlink. The reiserfs module derives allocation sizes from attacker-controlled filesystem geometry without correctly rejecting integer overflow, so grub_malloc allocates an undersized buffer before grub_reiserfs_read_real writes the overflowed length. Exploitation requires high local privileges and a crafted ReiserFS filesystem that GRUB reads while resolving a symlink; successful exploitation can bypass Secure Boot protections.

CVSS severity6.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.28%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap buffer overflow in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a crafted ReiserFS symlink. The reiserfs module derives allocation sizes from attacker-controlled filesystem geometry without correctly rejecting integer overflow, so grub_malloc allocates an undersized buffer before grub_reiserfs_read_real writes the overflowed length. Exploitation requires high local privileges and a crafted ReiserFS filesystem that GRUB reads while resolving a symlink; successful exploitation can bypass Secure Boot protections.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-0684
Published
Mar 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 29, 2026
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU GRUB
Classifications
T1542.003
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 29, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU GRUBversion=0 <=2.12

Published CVSS scores

6.4NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1542.003Bootkit

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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