CVE-2024-57996Public exploit

Kernel crash via one-packet SFQ limit

Published Feb 27, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Out-of-bounds access in Linux kernel SFQ allows local users to crash the system through a one-packet queue limit. When TBF leaves a packet on gso_skb and SFQ drops the next packet, sch_dequeue decrements an empty slot, underflows its index, and accesses sfq_head outside its bounds. Reachability requires local privileges and an SFQ limit of 1, which standard iproute2 rejects; the demonstrated consequence is a kernel crash.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.27%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in Linux kernel SFQ allows local users to crash the system through a one-packet queue limit. When TBF leaves a packet on gso_skb and SFQ drops the next packet, sch_dequeue decrements an empty slot, underflows its index, and accesses sfq_head outside its bounds. Reachability requires local privileges and an SFQ limit of 1, which standard iproute2 rejects; the demonstrated consequence is a kernel crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-57996
Published
Feb 27, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
Siemens
Product
SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP
Classifications
CWE-129, T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=V3.1.5 <*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Siemens · SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*
The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <10685681bafce6febb39770f3387621bf5d67d0b; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <1b562b7f9231432da40d12e19786c1bd7df653a7; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <1e6d9d87626cf89eeffb4d943db12cb5b10bf961; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <35d0137305ae2f97260a9047f445bd4434bd6cc7; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <7d8947f2153ee9c5ab4cb17861a11cc45f30e8c4; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <7fefc294204f10a3405f175f4ac2be16d63f135e; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <833e9a1c27b82024db7ff5038a51651f48f05e5e; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <e12f6013d0a69660e8b99bfe381b9546ae667328; version=2.6.12
Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*
Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*

Published CVSS scores

5.5Siemens ProductCERTCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.8Linux Kernel CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-129Improper Validation of Array Index
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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