CVE-2024-56669

Kernel crash via stale VT-d cache tags

Published Dec 27, 2024 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Use-after-free in Linux 6.10 through 6.12.5 and 6.13-rc1 through 6.13-rc2 allows local users with VFIO access to crash the kernel. The Intel VT-d teardown path disables ATS before cache_tag_unassign_domain removes CACHE_TAG_DEVTLB entries, leaving a freed domain reachable during a later TLB flush. Triggering requires an ATS-capable Intel IOMMU configuration and multiple VFs from different PFs assigned to one process through vfio-pci.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in Linux 6.10 through 6.12.5 and 6.13-rc1 through 6.13-rc2 allows local users with VFIO access to crash the kernel. The Intel VT-d teardown path disables ATS before cache_tag_unassign_domain removes CACHE_TAG_DEVTLB entries, leaving a freed domain reachable during a later TLB flush. Triggering requires an ATS-capable Intel IOMMU configuration and multiple VFs from different PFs assigned to one process through vfio-pci.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-56669
Published
Dec 27, 2024
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 27, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f <1f2557e08a617a4b5e92a48a1a9a6f86621def18
  2. Affected versionversion=3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f <9a0a72d3ed919ebe6491f527630998be053151d8
  3. Affected versionversion=6.10

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f <1f2557e08a617a4b5e92a48a1a9a6f86621def18; version=3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f <9a0a72d3ed919ebe6491f527630998be053151d8; version=6.10

Published CVSS scores

7.8CanonicalCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8Linux kernel CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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