CVE-2024-56637

Kernel crash via ipset module-unload race

Published Dec 27, 2024 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Race condition in the Netfilter ipset subsystem in Linux allows local users to crash the kernel by racing a module unload. The type lookup path releases the Netfilter lock before requesting a backend module without retaining an ip_set module reference. Exploitation requires local privileges sufficient to unload kernel modules, and the bounded consequence is a system crash.

CVSS severity4.7
Medium
EPSS probability0.18%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Race condition in the Netfilter ipset subsystem in Linux allows local users to crash the kernel by racing a module unload. The type lookup path releases the Netfilter lock before requesting a backend module without retaining an ip_set module reference. Exploitation requires local privileges sufficient to unload kernel modules, and the bounded consequence is a system crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-56637
Published
Dec 27, 2024
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-362, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 27, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.6.39
  2. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b
  3. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c
  4. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0
  5. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519
  6. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340
  7. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <ba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dca
  8. Affected versionversion=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <e5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccf

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=2.6.39; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <ba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dca; version=a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 <e5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccf

Published CVSS scores

4.4Oracle LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.7UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-362Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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