Arbitrary Python code execution via indirect format call
Published Dec 23, 2024 · Updated Nov 3, 2025
Sandbox escape in Pallets Jinja before 3.1.5 allows attackers controlling a template to execute arbitrary Python code through str.format. SandboxedEnvironment checks direct calls to str.format, but an indirect stored method reference passed through a calling filter bypasses that check. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled template content and an application-defined filter that invokes its argument; Jinja provides no such built-in filter.
Summary
What happened
Sandbox escape in Pallets Jinja before 3.1.5 allows attackers controlling a template to execute arbitrary Python code through str.format. SandboxedEnvironment checks direct calls to str.format, but an indirect stored method reference passed through a calling filter bypasses that check. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled template content and an application-defined filter that invokes its argument; Jinja provides no such built-in filter.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2024-56326
- Published
- Dec 23, 2024
- Updated
- Nov 3, 2025
- Vendor
- Pallets
- Product
- Jinja
- Classifications
- CWE-693, CWE-1336, T1059.006
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- Unavailable
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Dec 23, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=< 3.1.5
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- Upstream indirect-call regression testproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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