CVE-2024-56161Public exploit

Confidential-guest compromise via forged microcode signatures

Published Feb 3, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2025

Improper signature verification in AMD EPYC processors allows local users with administrator privileges to compromise SEV-SNP guests. The CPU ROM loader authenticates each patch's embedded RSA public key with a collision-prone AES-CMAC construction, allowing forged keys and signatures to pass. Exploitation requires host ring 0 outside the guest; forged microcode can subvert guest confidentiality and integrity but does not persist through a power cycle.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

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Summary

What happened

Improper signature verification in AMD EPYC processors allows local users with administrator privileges to compromise SEV-SNP guests. The CPU ROM loader authenticates each patch's embedded RSA public key with a collision-prone AES-CMAC construction, allowing forged keys and signatures to pass. Exploitation requires host ring 0 outside the guest; forged microcode can subvert guest confidentiality and integrity but does not persist through a power cycle.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-56161
Published
Feb 3, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2025
Vendor
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Product
AMD EPYC 7003 Processors
Classifications
CWE-347, T1601.001
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. · AMD EPYC 7003 ProcessorsAffected versions are unavailable in this record.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. · AMD EPYC 9004 ProcessorsAffected versions are unavailable in this record.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. · AMD EPYC™ 7001 Series ProcessorsAffected versions are unavailable in this record.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. · AMD EPYC 7002 Series ProcessorsAffected versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.2Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
T1601.001Patch System Image

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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