CVE-2024-52277

Document content spoofing via unflattened PDF layers

Published Dec 4, 2024 · Updated Dec 5, 2024

Content spoofing in DocuSeal allows attackers to make a signed PDF show different content when downloaded and printed. The document workflow displays one PDF layer set during signing but does not flatten all layers before download, so print preview can render only attacker-controlled hidden content. An attacker must supply a layered PDF and rely on a recipient to trust the displayed version before downloading or printing it; the bounded consequence is document-content misrepresentation.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Content spoofing in DocuSeal allows attackers to make a signed PDF show different content when downloaded and printed. The document workflow displays one PDF layer set during signing but does not flatten all layers before download, so print preview can render only attacker-controlled hidden content. An attacker must supply a layered PDF and rely on a recipient to trust the displayed version before downloading or printing it; the bounded consequence is document-content misrepresentation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-52277
Published
Dec 4, 2024
Updated
Dec 5, 2024
Vendor
DocuSeal
Product
DocuSeal
Classifications
CWE-451, CAPEC-148, T1036
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 4, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 5, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <*
  2. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.8.1
  3. Affected versionversion=>1.8.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

DocuSeal · DocuSealversion=0 <*; version=0 <=1.8.1; version=>1.8.1

Published CVSS scores

8.2VULSec LabsCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N/U:Red

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-451User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information
CAPEC-148Content Spoofing
T1036Masquerading

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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