CVE-2024-49394Network attack vector

Sender impersonation via unsigned reply context

Published Nov 12, 2024 · Updated Jun 26, 2026

Cryptographic signature verification in Mutt and NeoMutt allows attackers to impersonate a signed message sender by changing its reply context. The signing path omits the In-Reply-To value from protected headers, so a valid signature survives when that unsigned field is rewritten. Exploitation requires a previously signed, unencrypted message whose text is misleading in another thread; the result is message-context impersonation, not account access.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cryptographic signature verification in Mutt and NeoMutt allows attackers to impersonate a signed message sender by changing its reply context. The signing path omits the In-Reply-To value from protected headers, so a valid signature survives when that unsigned field is rewritten. Exploitation requires a previously signed, unencrypted message whose text is misleading in another thread; the result is message-context impersonation, not account access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-49394
Published
Nov 12, 2024
Updated
Jun 26, 2026
Vendor
Red Hat
Product
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
Classifications
CWE-347, T1565.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 12, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Red Hat · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8Affected versions are unavailable in this record.
Red Hat · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9Affected versions are unavailable in this record.
Mutt · MuttAffected versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

5.3Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
T1565.002Transmitted Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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