CVE-2024-48394

SYSTEM privilege escalation via DLL validation race

Published Feb 5, 2025 · Updated Mar 19, 2025

TOCTOU in the NDD Print Agent driver 5.24.3 and earlier allows local users to gain SYSTEM privileges on affected Windows hosts. Windows validates and authorizes an Agent DLL, but the driver later uses it after a race window in which the validated object can be changed. Exploitation requires existing low-privileged access to an affected Windows host; success grants SYSTEM-level control.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.14%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

TOCTOU in the NDD Print Agent driver 5.24.3 and earlier allows local users to gain SYSTEM privileges on affected Windows hosts. Windows validates and authorizes an Agent DLL, but the driver later uses it after a race window in which the validated object can be changed. Exploitation requires existing low-privileged access to an affected Windows host; success grants SYSTEM-level control.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-48394
Published
Feb 5, 2025
Updated
Mar 19, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-367, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-367Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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