CVE-2024-45778

Boot-loader crash via uncontrolled BFS parser loop

Published Mar 3, 2025 · Updated Jun 29, 2026

Integer overflow in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users with high privileges to crash the boot loader via a crafted BFS filesystem. The BFS parser enters an uncontrolled loop while reading malformed filesystem metadata, causing a stack overflow that terminates GRUB. Exploitation requires local high-privilege control of a BFS image and a build that registers the BFS module; confidentiality and integrity impacts are not reported.

CVSS severity4.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.29%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Integer overflow in GNU GRUB 2.12 and earlier allows local users with high privileges to crash the boot loader via a crafted BFS filesystem. The BFS parser enters an uncontrolled loop while reading malformed filesystem metadata, causing a stack overflow that terminates GRUB. Exploitation requires local high-privilege control of a BFS image and a build that registers the BFS module; confidentiality and integrity impacts are not reported.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-45778
Published
Mar 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 29, 2026
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU GRUB
Classifications
CWE-190, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 29, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU GRUBversion=0 <=2.12

Published CVSS scores

4.1Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-190Integer Overflow or Wraparound
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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