Local privileged-memory disclosure via delayed predictor updates
Published May 13, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025
Information disclosure in some Intel Processors allows local users to read privileged memory through indirect branch prediction. Indirect branch-predictor updates can remain in flight across user-to-kernel, guest-to-hypervisor, or IBPB boundaries and then acquire the destination security domain, defeating eIBRS or IBPB isolation. Low-privileged code and a high-complexity race are required; the demonstrated Linux attack leaks arbitrary kernel memory, while the hardware flaw applies across operating systems.
Summary
What happened
Information disclosure in some Intel Processors allows local users to read privileged memory through indirect branch prediction. Indirect branch-predictor updates can remain in flight across user-to-kernel, guest-to-hypervisor, or IBPB boundaries and then acquire the destination security domain, defeating eIBRS or IBPB isolation. Low-privileged code and a high-complexity race are required; the demonstrated Linux attack leaks arbitrary kernel memory, while the hardware flaw applies across operating systems.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2024-45332
- Published
- May 13, 2025
- Updated
- Nov 3, 2025
- Vendor
- Unknown vendor
- Product
- Unknown product
- Classifications
- CWE-1423, T1003.008
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- authenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- May 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.
Published CVSS scores
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Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- Branch Privilege Injection research artifactsfunctional · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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