CVE-2024-45040Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Private-witness disclosure via non-hiding Groth16 commitments

Published Sep 6, 2024 · Updated Sep 6, 2024

Information disclosure in Consensys gnark before 0.11.0 allows remote attackers to recover small private witnesses from Groth16 commitments. The Groth16 frontend.Committer path computes a binding commitment as a linear combination of witness values and public proving-key basis points without a random hiding term. Exploitation requires a Groth16 proof with commitments and a low-entropy witness space; PLONK and proof completeness or soundness are unaffected.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Information disclosure in Consensys gnark before 0.11.0 allows remote attackers to recover small private witnesses from Groth16 commitments. The Groth16 frontend.Committer path computes a binding commitment as a linear combination of witness values and public proving-key basis points without a random hiding term. Exploitation requires a Groth16 proof with commitments and a low-entropy witness space; PLONK and proof completeness or soundness are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-45040
Published
Sep 6, 2024
Updated
Sep 6, 2024
Vendor
Consensys
Product
gnark
Classifications
CWE-200
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 6, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 6, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=0.11.0
  2. Affected versionversion=< 0.11.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Consensys · gnarkversion=0 <=0.11.0; version=< 0.11.0

Published CVSS scores

8.2GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.9GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.9NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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