CVE-2024-45039Public exploit

Forged Groth16 proofs via shared commitment scalar

Published Sep 6, 2024 · Updated Sep 6, 2024

Soundness failure in Consensys gnark before 0.11.0 allows local users to create accepted Groth16 proofs with attacker-chosen commitments. The Groth16 commitment extension reuses one scalar for every proof of knowledge, allowing basis elements from separate commitments to be mixed. Exploitation requires a circuit with multiple commitments and affects native Groth16 verification; recursive in-circuit and Solidity verifiers do not support this configuration.

CVSS severity6.2
Medium
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Soundness failure in Consensys gnark before 0.11.0 allows local users to create accepted Groth16 proofs with attacker-chosen commitments. The Groth16 commitment extension reuses one scalar for every proof of knowledge, allowing basis elements from separate commitments to be mixed. Exploitation requires a circuit with multiple commitments and affects native Groth16 verification; recursive in-circuit and Solidity verifiers do not support this configuration.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-45039
Published
Sep 6, 2024
Updated
Sep 6, 2024
Vendor
Consensys
Product
gnark
Classifications
CWE-200
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 6, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 6, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <0.11.0
  2. Affected versionversion=< 0.11.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Consensys · gnarkversion=0 <0.11.0; version=< 0.11.0

Published CVSS scores

6.2GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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