CVE-2024-43499Network attack vector

Application denial of service via malformed NRBF input

Published Nov 12, 2024 · Updated Aug 27, 2025

Denial of service in Microsoft .NET 9 and Visual Studio 2022 allows remote attackers to interrupt applications through crafted NRBF input. NrbfDecoder incorrectly validates untrusted NRBF data before processing it; Microsoft maps the resulting work to data amplification and an unchecked loop. Applications must use System.Formats.Nrbf, which console and web applications do not reference by default; the reported consequence is limited to service interruption.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability2.60%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in Microsoft .NET 9 and Visual Studio 2022 allows remote attackers to interrupt applications through crafted NRBF input. NrbfDecoder incorrectly validates untrusted NRBF data before processing it; Microsoft maps the resulting work to data amplification and an unchecked loop. Applications must use System.Formats.Nrbf, which console and web applications do not reference by default; the reported consequence is limited to service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-43499
Published
Nov 12, 2024
Updated
Aug 27, 2025
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
PowerShell 7.5
Classifications
CWE-409, CWE-606, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 12, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 27, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=7.5.0 <7.5.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · PowerShell 7.5version=7.5.0 <7.5.0
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.10version=17.10 <17.10.9
Microsoft · .NET 9.0version=9.0.0 <9.0.0
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.8version=17.8.0 <17.8.16
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.6version=17.6.0 <17.6.21
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.11version=17.11 <17.11.6

Published CVSS scores

7.5Microsoft CorporationCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-409Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
CWE-606Unchecked Input for Loop Condition
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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