CVE-2024-43498Network attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via crafted NRBF input

Published Nov 12, 2024 · Updated Jul 8, 2025

Remote code execution in affected .NET, Visual Studio, and PowerShell builds allows remote attackers to run code via crafted NRBF input. Microsoft identifies NrbfDecoder in System.Formats.Nrbf as the affected component but does not disclose the faulty decoding operation. The component is not referenced by default in .NET console or web applications, so exploitation requires an application that processes attacker-controlled input with it.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability3.59%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Remote code execution in affected .NET, Visual Studio, and PowerShell builds allows remote attackers to run code via crafted NRBF input. Microsoft identifies NrbfDecoder in System.Formats.Nrbf as the affected component but does not disclose the faulty decoding operation. The component is not referenced by default in .NET console or web applications, so exploitation requires an application that processes attacker-controlled input with it.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-43498
Published
Nov 12, 2024
Updated
Jul 8, 2025
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
PowerShell 7.5
Classifications
CWE-843, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 12, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=7.5.0 <7.5.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · PowerShell 7.5version=7.5.0 <7.5.0
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.10version=17.10 <17.10.9
Microsoft · .NET 9.0version=9.0.0 <9.0.0
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.8version=17.8.0 <17.8.16
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.6version=17.6.0 <17.6.21
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.11version=17.11 <17.11.6

Published CVSS scores

9.8MicrosoftCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
0.0GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-843Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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