CVE-2024-43425Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via calculated-formula validation bypass

Published Nov 7, 2024 · Updated Nov 7, 2024

Code injection in Moodle LMS calculated questions allows remote authenticated users with question-editing capability to execute PHP code. The qtype_calculated_find_formula_errors validator accepts crafted formula expressions that calculate() passes directly to PHP eval(). Question-creation or update capability is required, after which injected functions run with the Moodle server process's permissions.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability87.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Moodle LMS calculated questions allows remote authenticated users with question-editing capability to execute PHP code. The qtype_calculated_find_formula_errors validator accepts crafted formula expressions that calculate() passes directly to PHP eval(). Question-creation or update capability is required, after which injected functions run with the Moodle server process's permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-43425
Published
Nov 7, 2024
Updated
Nov 7, 2024
Vendor
Moodle
Product
Moodle LMS
Classifications
CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 7, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 7, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.1.12
  2. Affected versionversion=4.2 <4.2.9
  3. Affected versionversion=4.3 <4.3.6
  4. Affected versionversion=4.4 <4.4.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Moodle · Moodle LMSversion=0 <4.1.12; version=4.2 <4.2.9; version=4.3 <4.3.6; version=4.4 <4.4.2

Published CVSS scores

8.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.2GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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