CVE-2024-4253Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Secret theft and repository modification via workflow interpolation

Published Jun 4, 2024 · Updated Oct 15, 2025

Command injection in Gradio before 4.29.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute shell commands through a GitHub Actions workflow. The test-functional.yml workflow interpolates the head repository name, head branch, and workflow reference directly into a double-quoted shell echo command. Control of crafted workflow-run context values enables secret exfiltration or modification of the base repository within the workflow token's permissions.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability1.70%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Gradio before 4.29.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute shell commands through a GitHub Actions workflow. The test-functional.yml workflow interpolates the head repository name, head branch, and workflow reference directly into a double-quoted shell echo command. Control of crafted workflow-run context values enables secret exfiltration or modification of the base repository within the workflow token's permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-4253
Published
Jun 4, 2024
Updated
Oct 15, 2025
Vendor
Gradio
Product
Gradio
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 4, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 15, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.29.0
  2. Affected versionversion=unspecified <4.29.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Gradio · Gradioversion=0 <4.29.0; version=unspecified <4.29.0

Published CVSS scores

7.5huntr.devCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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