CVE-2024-3660Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary code execution via Lambda deserialization

Published Apr 16, 2024 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Code injection in Google Keras and TensorFlow before 2.13 allows attackers to execute application-level code through a malicious model. The model loader deserializes Python bytecode embedded in a Lambda layer without rejecting unsafe lambda content. Execution requires an application to load the attacker-supplied model, after which the payload runs with that application's permissions.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability1.75%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Google Keras and TensorFlow before 2.13 allows attackers to execute application-level code through a malicious model. The model loader deserializes Python bytecode embedded in a Lambda layer without rejecting unsafe lambda content. Execution requires an application to load the attacker-supplied model, after which the payload runs with that application's permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-3660
Published
Apr 16, 2024
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
Google
Product
TensorFlow
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059.006
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2.13

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Google · TensorFlowversion=0 <2.13
Google · Kerasversion=* <2.13

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059.006Python

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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