CVE-2024-36401Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via unsafe XPath evaluation

Published Jul 1, 2024 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Eval injection in affected GeoServer releases allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through unauthenticated OGC requests. The GeoTools API passes attacker-controlled property names for simple feature types to Commons JXPath as executable XPath expressions rather than treating them only as attributes. Default installations and all instances are exposed through WFS, WMS, or WPS request parameters, granting code execution with the GeoServer process's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability99.81%
Next 30 days · Nov 1, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Eval injection in affected GeoServer releases allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through unauthenticated OGC requests. The GeoTools API passes attacker-controlled property names for simple feature types to Commons JXPath as executable XPath expressions rather than treating them only as attributes. Default installations and all instances are exposed through WFS, WMS, or WPS request parameters, granting code execution with the GeoServer process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-36401
Published
Jul 1, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
GeoWebCache
Product
GeoServer
Classifications
CWE-95, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 1, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2.23.6
  2. Affected versionversion=< 2.22.6
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 2.23.0, < 2.23.6
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 2.24.0, < 2.24.4
  5. Affected versionversion=2.24.0 <2.24.4
  6. Affected versionversion=>= 2.25.0, < 2.25.2
  7. Affected versionversion=2.25.0 <2.25.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

GeoWebCache · GeoServerversion=0 <2.23.6; version=< 2.22.6; version=>= 2.23.0, < 2.23.6; version=>= 2.24.0, < 2.24.4; version=2.24.0 <2.24.4; version=>= 2.25.0, < 2.25.2; version=2.25.0 <2.25.2

Published CVSS scores

9.8GeoServer GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Activity data is delayed. The latest report is Sep 28, 2026.

Daily unique IPsShadowserver observations through Sep 28, 2026. Gaps indicate unavailable data.
Sep 22, 2026Sep 28, 2026
View daily counts
Reporting dayUnique IPs
Sep 22, 20264
Sep 23, 20264
Sep 24, 20266
Sep 25, 20265
Sep 26, 20267
Sep 27, 20267
Sep 28, 202610
Latest reporting daySep 28, 2026
Latest daily unique IPs10
Prior 30-day average5.6
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-95Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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