CVE-2024-29651Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Code execution via unsafe recursive options merge

Published May 20, 2024 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Prototype pollution in APIDevTools JSON Schema $Ref Parser 11.0.0 and 11.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute code via crafted options. The getNewOptions merge recursively copies option keys, including proto, constructor, and prototype, into defaults without filtering them. Exploitation requires a consuming application to pass attacker-controlled options into parse, resolve, bundle, or dereference, contaminating shared object behavior and enabling application-dependent code execution.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.80%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Prototype pollution in APIDevTools JSON Schema $Ref Parser 11.0.0 and 11.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute code via crafted options. The getNewOptions merge recursively copies option keys, including proto, constructor, and prototype, into defaults without filtering them. Exploitation requires a consuming application to pass attacker-controlled options into parse, resolve, bundle, or dereference, contaminating shared object behavior and enabling application-dependent code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-29651
Published
May 20, 2024
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
APIDevTools
Product
JSON Schema $Ref Parser
Classifications
CWE-1321, CAPEC-1, CAPEC-180
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 20, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=11.0.0
  2. Affected versionversion=11.1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

APIDevTools · JSON Schema $Ref Parserversion=11.0.0; version=11.1.0

Published CVSS scores

8.1CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1321Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CAPEC-1Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
CAPEC-180Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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